THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
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ПРОШЕДШЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ
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| had + V3(ed) |
Слова-сигналы:
| by 5 o'clock | |
| when I arrived | |
| ever, never, just, for, since, lately |
Случаи употребления Future Continuous:
- Действие, завершившееся до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент в прошлом может быть выражен:
*указанием времени с предлогом by
He had returned home by 8 o'clock.
*другим действием в прошлом
By the time we came our parents had already cleaned the flat.
My brother had had breakfast when I met him.
*контекстом (когда нарушается цепочка последовательных действий и в повествовании делается шаг назад, чтобы указать на действие, имевшее место раньше)
He came to the post office, bought a stamp, and sent the letter he had written for his grandma.
- Действие, которое началось до определенного момента в прошлом и продолжалось вплоть до него или в тот момент все еще продолжалось. В этом значении Past Perfect употребляется со словами и оборотами, характерными для Present Perfect: ever, never, just, for, since, lately, ... .
ВНИМАНИЕ: Помните, что, в отличие от Present Perfect, Past Perfect употребляется только в контексте прошедшего времени.
She looked pale. She had had a headache since morning.
They were close friends. They had known each other for ages.
She wanted to go to France. She had never been there before.
Утвердительные предложения
I had written a letter by 3 o'clock.
She had written a letter when we came.
We had not seen each other since 1998.
Вопросительные предложения
Had I written a letter by 3 o'clock?
Had she written a letter when we came?
Had we ever seen each other since 1998?
Отрицательные предложения
I had not written a letter by 3 o'clock.
She had not written a letter when we came.
We had not seen each other since 1998.
ОНЛАЙН УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Past Tense or Past Perfect - ex.1
Past Tense or Past Perfect - ex.2
Past Tense or Past Perfect - ex.3
Past Tense or Past Perfect - ex.4